ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect and benefit of health education on schistosomiasis control in primary and secondary schools in Jingzhou from 2004 to 2018. Methods A retrospective survey and an on-site questionnaire investigation were used to collect data on schistosomiasis health education in primary and secondary schools in Jingzhou from 2004 to 2018, and to evaluate the modes and effects of health education. The unit benefit analysis was used to evaluate the benefit of health education investment. Results The awareness rate of schistosomiasis control knowledge and the correct behavior formation rate in 2018 reached 98.68% and 98.31%, respectively, which were statistically significantly different compared with 87.65%% and 88.08%, respectively, in 2004 (F=8.57, 6.59, P2=-0.85, -0.84, P<0.01). In terms of total funding, students were 3.05 yuan/person/time lower than residents. Conclusion From 2004 to 2018, primary and secondary schools in Jingzhou implemented schistosomiasis health education and health promotion. On the basis of reduction in the total funding, students’ knowledge of schistosomiasis prevention and correct behavior formation were effectively increased, and the rate of schistosomiasis infection was reduced to zero. Therefore, changing the dangerous behavior of the target population through schistosomiasis health education is an important measure to control and stop the prevalence of schistosomiasis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the Oncomelania hupensis snail control effects of molluscicides with different formula?tions in the ditch with unstable water level in field of marshland and lake areas,so as to provide the evidence for formulating the prevention strategies. Methods A drainage channel with O. hupensis snails in Jiangling County,Jingzhou City were selected as the study field,then it was divided into 6 segments,except 1 segment was treated as the blank control group for observing the natural mortality rate of the snails,the other 5 segments were treated as observation groups,where 4% niclosamide ethanol?amine salt powder,5%niclosamide ethanolamine salt granule,25%suspension concentrate of niclosamide ethanolamine salt, 26% suspension concentrate of metaldehyde and niclosamide ethanolamine salt,50% niclosamide ethanolamine salt wettable powder were applied respectively. Before and after the mollusciciding,the snail surveys were carried out through the systematic sampling method,and the short?and long?term effects of snail control were observed,and the mortality rates of the snails on the slope above the water level and those below the water level were compared. Results When 7 d and 15 d after mullusciciding, the mortality rates of snails on the slope above the water level in each observation group were 79.52%-97.87% and 90.43%-96.30%,respectively,when compared with those before mollusciciding,all the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.01). When 7 d after mullusciciding,the mortality rates of snails below the water level in each observation group were 17.11%-50.00%,which were all lower than those of the snails on the slope above the water level in the corresponding groups(all P<0.05);when 15 d after mullusciciding,the rates were 9.43%-95.24%,and those in 25%suspension concentrate of niclosamide ethanolamine salt,26%suspension concentrate of metaldehyde and niclosamide ethanolamine salt,50%niclosamide ethanol?amine salt wettable powder groups were all lower than those of the snails on the slope above the water level in the corresponding groups(all P<0.01). Compared with the densities of living snails before mollusciciding,those 6 months after mollusciciding in each observation group decreased by 70.21%-78.98%. Conclusions The molluscicides in the formulation of powders and granule are suitable for both the snail environment with or without water,while those in the formulation of suspension agents and wettable powders are suitable only for environments with water.
ABSTRACT
Objective To develop a Jingcen DY?1 type spraying tanker for Oncomelania hupensis snail control and evaluate its effect of field application as well as the cost. Methods The currently available tractor was used as a vector,and the mechan?ical and electrical equipments and containers were integrated with shafts,pipelines and electric lines to produce a spraying tank?er for snail control,with the functions of carrying people and molluscicides,generating electric power and getting water,mixing stocking solutions,adjusting molluscicide solutions evenly,and spraying drugs. The volume of the molluscicide solution,flow rate of water injection,and the flow rate,range and advance speed of the spray gun were tested,and the solution concentrations of molluscicide in the tanker and at the muzzle of the spray gun at different time were detected. Meanwhile,the molluscicidal ef?fect and cost of the spraying tanker were analyzed by the field test. Results The volume of the liquid storage pot of the Jingcen DY?1 type spraying tanker was 1 800 L,the flow rate of water injection was 400 L/min,the flow rate and the spray range of the standard spray gun were 110-200 L/min and 19.70-23.50 m,respectively,the efficiency of drug spraying of the spraying tanker was 6 000 m2/h,and the ratio of spray width(m)to march speed(m/min)was 1∶200. When 5 min post mother liquid recirculat?ing ,the average concentration of the molluscicide at the upper? ,middle? and lower?layers of the liquid storage pot was (1 030.39 ± 43.00)mg/L,with a variation coefficient of 4.17%. The average concentration of the molluscicide in the spraying process(spraying for 2,4,6,8,9 min)was(953.00 ± 68.87)mg/L,with a variation coefficient of 7.22%. The concentration of the residual drug in the liquid storage pot post spraying was 1 000.43 mg/L,which reached the effect concentration for snail con?trol. After spraying for 7 days in the field,the average density of living snails reduced by 88.20% as compared to that before spraying,and the adjusted mortality of snails was 87.65%. The unit cost of Jingcen DY?1 spraying tanker was 0.086 7 Yuan/m2, which reduced by 58.20% as compared to that of the conventional spraying tanker. Conclusions Jingcen DY?1 type spraying tanker for snail control which integrates various equipments together can effectively control the concentration and dose of the mol?luscicide,and the machine is labor?saving,efficient,economic and well adapted,and is worthy to be widely applied.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the status of field feces in Jingzhou City, so as to provide the evidence for improving the control measures to interrupt the transmission routes of schistosomiasis. Methods The distribution of field feces was investigated in 27 schistosomiasis endemic villages in Gong’an,Jianli,Jiangling,Honghu and Shishou counties(cities)from 2010 to 2012. The schistosome positive status of the field feces was surveyed with the hatching method. Results There were 1 366 field feces and the average density was 0.089 2 feces per 100 square meters in this survey. The cattle feces,human feces,dog feces and elk feces respectively accounted for 99.71%,0.07%,0.15% and 0.07% in the survey. The infection rates of the field feces were 1.46%and 2.42%in the channels and bottomlands,respectively(P>0.05). The average rate of infected field feces was 3.21%in 2010,0.36%in 2011,and 1.60%in 2012,and the difference between 2010 and 2012 was not statistically significant(P>0.05). Conclusions The main field feces come from cattle,and the main distribution of infected field feces is in channels and bottom-lands. Therefore,the management of cattle and treatment of field feces should be strengthened.